Alcholic Beverages

• Beer and wine
• Distillation - a science
• Pure alcohol vs moonshine
• Pot stills
• Methanol, fusel oils, poisons
• Fractional stills
• Packed columns
• Vodka
• Gin
• Whisky, brandy
• Liqueurs

• Mythology & superstition
• Distillation doesn't make alcohol
• Read about it but don't do it
• Tax revenues
• The situation in New Zealand
• Hooliganism
• Advertising
• Law reform

• Going blind
• Headaches and hangovers
• Fire and explosion

• The 60 litre fermenter
• Sugar and yeast
• Types of yeast
• Temperature, 33 deg. C.
• Stirring
• Air-lock unnecessary
• Nutrients unnecessary
• Hydrometer and S.G.
• Alcohol concentration
• Alcohol amount
• Time of fermentation

• The purpose of beer-stripping
• The boiler
• The stillhead
• Cooling Coil
• Wattage of heater
• Stillhead temperature
• "High wine"
• Disposal of stillage

• Materials of construction
• The boiler
• The column diameter and height
• Packing the column
• The stillhead, offset model
• The stillhead, linear model
• A glass still

• Wattage input
• Temperature measurement
• Reflux ratio
• Total reflux
• Choking of column
• Purity of alcohol
• Disposal of "heads"
• Arrival of "tails"
• Cooling water
• Consumption
• Yield of alcohol

• Small still
• Steam distilling of botanicals
• Juniper berries, other herbs
• Recipe for gin flavoring
• Purchased essence

• Fermenter
• Fermenter accessories
• Boiler
• Copper tubing
• Copper elbows and T's
• Ball valves
• Needle valve
• Immersion heater
• Instruments

• Return on Investment (ROI)
• Payback period

• I. Conversion factors
• II. Latent heat of vaporization
• III. Activated Charcoal
• IV. Cooling Water requirements
• V. Effect of atmospheric pressure on boiling points
• VI. Steam distillation